Comparison of phosphorus-based extractants on manganese separation from citrate leach solutions for recycling of lithium-ion batteries

The performance requirements of modern lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) necessitate the use a number scarce and strategically sensitive metals such as lithium cobalt. Recycling end-of-life LIBs reduces demand on primary sources these helps reduce environmental impact LIB waste. Citric acid has proven to be an effective environmentally friendly sustainable lixiviant; however, formation metal citrate complexes complicates subsequent separation processes solvent extraction. This study enhances understanding from citric media by comparing phosphorus-based liquid-liquid extractants leach. optimum Mn(II) extraction pH decreases extractant’s phosphorus oxidation state increases phosphinic phosphonic phosphoric, due oxygen atoms that surround central atom. maximum with Cyanex 272, PC-88A, D2EHPA was observed at pHs 6, 3, respectively. further provided best over Al, Co, Li, Ni factors 137, 191, 118, 601, No research is currently available (PC-88A) or (Cyanex 272) organic media.Significance: first investigate for leach solutions, towards using lixiviant. phosphoric extractant, D2EHPA, enabled successful sequential aluminium, manganese lithium, making process technologically feasible attractive.